{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/7s7hq3tb3b/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Connally, Ben C."]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/252/original/HPL_ArchiveBannerCDM2.jpg?1738348845","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Publisher"]},"value":{"en":["Houston Public Library Special Collections"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://rightsstatements.org/page/CNE/1.0/?language=en\"\u003eCopyright Not Evaluated \u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePlease contact the Houston History Research Center, Houston, Texas. To request item: https://digital.houstonlibrary.org/reproductions-and-copyright\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Connally, Ben C. (Interviewee)","Marchiafava, Louis (Interviewer)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["April 02, 1975 (created)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":["English (primary)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eJudge Ben C. Connally served as a chief judge in the Southern District of Texas for over 10 years and then achieved senior status. In this interview, Connally discusses the responsibilities of a judge, the influence of the Warren court, his thoughts on the death penalty, desegregation of Houston schools, and the concept of judicial activism.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["Videocassette tape, sound"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Houston (Tex.) (geographic)","Segregation","Segregation in education","Oral histories","Law","Judges;"]}},{"label":{"en":["Type"]},"value":{"en":["Sound"]}},{"label":{"en":["Custom Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["OH0030"]}},{"label":{"en":["Note"]},"value":{"en":["Original"]}},{"label":{"en":["Funding Note"]},"value":{"en":["This project was made possible in part by the Institute of Museum and Library Services [ARPML-250908-OMLS-22]."]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eJudge Ben C. Connally served as a chief judge in the Southern District of Texas for over 10 years and then achieved senior status. In this interview, Connally discusses the responsibilities of a judge, the influence of the Warren court, his thoughts on the death penalty, desegregation of Houston schools, and the concept of judicial activism.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://rightsstatements.org/page/CNE/1.0/?language=en\"\u003eCopyright Not Evaluated \u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePlease contact the Houston History Research Center, Houston, Texas. To request item: https://digital.houstonlibrary.org/reproductions-and-copyright\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["Houston Public Library"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["Houston Public Library"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/252/original/HPL_ArchiveBannerCDM2.jpg?1738348845","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/215/398/small/open-uri20231108-480-88k5gc_1699461827.jpg?1699443830","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - OH0030BenCConnally.mp4"]},"duration":4512.918,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/215/398/small/open-uri20231108-480-88k5gc_1699461827.jpg?1699443830","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-houstonlibrary.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/215/398/original/OH0030BenCConnally.mp4?1699443825","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":4512.918,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["OH0030BenCConnally.vtt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Louis Marchiafava:\nTesting one, two, three.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3.42,4.98"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Testing one, two, three.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=5.34,6.84"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"April 2nd, 1975, interview with Judge Ben C.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=10.3,14.72"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Connally. Judge Connally, I want to thank you for\ntaking the time to talk with me this morning.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=14.72,20.59"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I do have some questions that I'd like to jump\nright into.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=21.28,25.78"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ben Connally:\nWell, I'm, I'm glad to visit with you, and afford you\nthis interview, if you feel that it'll be of any","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=25.99,34.89"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"benefit in your project.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=35.19,36.75"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As I've indicated to you earlier and now want to make\nof record, I have not done any research, I have not","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=37.35,47.07"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"gone back over our records of the Court or of my\nparticipation in cases about which you may see fit to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=47.34,55.77"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ask me and what I'm saying from here on out is simply\noff the top of my hat.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=55.77,62.24"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In so far as dates or specifics are concerned, it may\nbe somewhat inaccurate in so far as a generalizations,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=62.24,68.94"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"uh, I think you can assume that's the views that I\nentertain on these matters.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=68.95,75.87"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Louis Marchiafava:\nThe type of questions that I'll be asking you won't be\nthe type that you really have to have had to do any","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=76.02,81.21"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"research on. One of the areas of interest, the method\nof appointing Federal Judges.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=81.21,87.51"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Most people are aware of the procedures the, according\nto the law that's involved, but, uh, I was wondering if","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=88.11,94.17"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we might get some personal reflections on it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=94.17,96.75"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What is, what is involved behind the scenes in the\nappointment of a federal Judge?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=98.07,102.0"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ben Connally:\nWhat is involved behind the scenes, I think, is simply\nthis, you know, of course, that the Constitution","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=102.81,108.18"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"provides that the President appoints the Judges and\nthe Justices of the Supreme Court, with the advice and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=108.18,117.51"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"consent of the Senate.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=117.51,118.62"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Obviously, the President is not personally acquainted\nwith those who ultimately are appointed, except perhaps","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=120.93,129.96"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in very rare instances.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=129.96,132.6"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Realistically, it works like this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=134.16,136.53"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"These appointments, are what are known in the trade is\n\"patronage\" appointments, by which I mean that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=137.94,146.67"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"barring some unusual circumstance, the United States\nSenators from the state, if they are of the same","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=147.36,157.02"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"political party, as the President that is, if they are\nof the party in power, recommend to the President a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=157.23,167.22"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"name. And in the normal course of events, unless there\nis some reason to the contrary, that person is the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=167.22,175.86"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nominee. Now that's relatively simple if you have two\nRepublican senators from Texas, for example, and if","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=175.86,185.4"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there is a Republican, a Republican administration, as\nis presently the case.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=185.4,190.41"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Of course that isn't true.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=191.37,192.48"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We have one Republican Senator, Senator Tower and one\nDemocrat, Senator Benson.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=192.51,196.5"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In those circumstances, the way it works is this the\nRepublican Senator actually makes the recommendation,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=198.09,207.39"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if the other Senator of the contrary political party\nhas any real personal objection, there is a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=208.14,218.04"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"practice in the United States Senate that, except in\nmost exceptional cases, the personal objection of the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=218.04,228.03"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"other Senator will be recognized and that particular\nindividual, uh, will not be confirmed and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=228.03,237.57"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"anticipating that normally is not even nominated by\nthe President.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=237.57,245.74"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Actually, sort of behind the scenes, if the Senators\nare of diverse parties, the Senator of the party in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=245.74,254.64"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"power, Senator Tower now, I believe would consult\ninformally with Senator Benson.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=254.64,262.17"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He would get his tacit approval of one or two or three\npersons, and the, Senator Tower would then make","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=262.56,272.4"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"his recommendation to the President.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=272.4,276.86"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"An FBI check in meticulous detail is then initiated by\nthe Department of Justice.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=276.86,284.52"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They find out if the appointee has any skeletons in\nhis closet, is any question whatsoever of disloyalty or","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=285.0,294.93"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"prior problems with the Internal Revenue Service,\nthings of that sort.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=295.41,300.12"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And if he's got a clean bill of health, the President\nsends that name to the Senate.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=301.11,306.3"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They are exceptions, I have known over the years of a\nnumber of cases where it hasn't worked that way.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=307.5,314.31"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The President, in some instances, will have an\nindividual whom he personally wants to appoint,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=316.77,322.5"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"irrespective of the recommendation of the Senators\nfrom his own party.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=322.5,327.48"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And of course, he has the power to do so.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=327.99,330.15"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Those Senators can, if they want to go all out,\nusually blocked the confirmation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=332.82,341.67"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The practice is, however, that where the President has\na personal interest in an individual that normally is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=343.02,350.61"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not done. They have a sort of an unwritten rule in the\nUnited States Senate, which they call the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=350.61,358.38"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Senatorial Privilege, I believe.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=359.58,363.45"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And if a Senator from the state of Texas, for example,\nin connection with an appointment in the state of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=364.32,373.23"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Texas, if one of the Texas senators gets up on the\nfloor of the Senate and said this appointment is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=373.23,378.9"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"personally obnoxious to me, there's a sort of a rule\nof courtesy that the rest of the senators will say, OK,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=378.9,387.66"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mr. President, get somebody else.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=387.69,389.55"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Usually that is enough to defeat that confirmation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=392.16,396.66"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's why I've said that in the routine case, the\nSenators, even though of adverse parties, normally sort","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=397.11,405.78"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of have a tacit understanding and will clear a\nsuggested name before it goes as far as to be formally","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=405.78,414.48"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nominated and presented to the Senate for\nconfirmation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=414.48,416.28"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That answer your question?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=418.48,419.46"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Louis Marchiafava:\nSure, does.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=419.49,420.15"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ben Connally:\nWell, I might go a little farther if you interested.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=420.18,422.19"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Suppose you don't have a Republican senator from Texas\nat all.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=422.22,426.21"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Both senators are from the different party than the\nadministration.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=427.26,432.0"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That then depends sort of on party practice.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=433.86,437.82"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The national committeeman under the Republican\nadministration, it, of course, would be the Republican","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=438.24,445.74"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"national committeeman.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=445.74,446.88"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He's usually the one that makes the selection.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=446.91,450.42"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Perhaps there might be a Republican Congressman from\nthat state who had considerable influence, in which","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=452.88,459.48"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"event his recommendation would carry a great deal of\nweight.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=459.48,462.72"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But that's usually the way it works in practice.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=464.79,468.63"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Louis Marchiafava:\nAre there, uh, approximately how much experience is a\ncandidate for a federal Judgeship expected to have?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=468.63,476.77"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, in your own case, of course, you had a great deal\nof experience.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=476.77,479.51"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ben Connally:\nWell, as a matter of fact, I didn't have so much.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=479.55,481.87"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was appointed when I was thirty-nine, and I'd been\npracticing law for what, fifteen years, with about four","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=481.89,490.08"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"years out for military service.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=490.08,492.78"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think now there is a tendency to appoint younger\nJudges than was the case twenty-five years ago when I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=494.46,503.85"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was appointed. At that time, usually the appointee\nwould be in the range of fifty to fifty-five.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=503.85,511.53"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We have had some considerably older.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=511.56,513.54"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A few whose age was such a factor that serious question\nwas given to their confirmation in the Senate.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=515.82,523.53"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But in those days, usually it was considered a good\ndeal of experience was highly desirable.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=524.46,532.47"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Presently, I see a tendency to appoint younger people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=533.43,537.36"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is due perhaps to the fact that we have a very\nfavorable retirement system.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=538.86,545.97"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If a Judge is served for ten years and reaches seventy\nyears of age he can retire, and he continues to draw","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=546.78,555.9"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the salary of the office as long as he lives.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=555.9,558.48"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He can work or not, as he elects.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=559.2,562.42"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is what we call Senior Judge status.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=562.47,565.02"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If he is served for as much as fifteen years on\nreaching age sixty-five, he can do the same thing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=565.32,572.67"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I think it is sort of the present policy to appoint\nyounger men on the theory that the government","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=573.0,582.96"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"doesn't get its money worth, money's worth out of a\nJudge who is, let us say, fifty-five serves until","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=582.96,590.85"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"seventy and then is retired for life and the\ngovernment pays him the same salary.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=590.85,597.28"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The government hasn't quite gotten its money's worth.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=597.3,599.01"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I see a tendency to appoint younger people who will\nput in perhaps twenty years as active Judges before","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=600.24,609.93"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they become eligible for retirement.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=609.93,611.49"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Louis Marchiafava:\nHave you noticed any, a difference or effect that\nappointment of younger men is having on the judiciary","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=612.84,622.26"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"system?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=622.26,622.65"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ben Connally:\nI do not believe I could see any difference between the\nphilosophy, the theory, the net result","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=622.74,631.8"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"between younger Judges and older Judges.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=632.34,635.79"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Of course, um, I put myself in the category of an\nolder Judge.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=636.42,643.72"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I am now a few months over sixty-five.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=643.78,647.16"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I took advantage of the provision of retiring or\ntaking senior status after fifteen years of service on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=647.16,655.35"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"reaching age sixty-five.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=655.35,657.33"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I suppose all of us, after serving a good many years\non the court, perhaps develop our own philosophy, our","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=659.34,667.56"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"own theory, our own method of handling cases, of the\nway we think about cases.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=667.56,672.45"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But I think perhaps that is more from after we've\nserved on the court a good many years, rather than a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=672.63,682.11"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"distinction between a younger Judge as he comes aboard\nwith us, and what I'll call a middle aged Judge as he","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=682.11,689.1"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"comes on board. I don't see any distinction there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=689.1,691.56"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"No.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=691.56,691.89"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Louis Marchiafava:\nContinuing along this discussion.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=694.05,697.08"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How is a new Judge initiated into the system?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=699.06,704.4"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Is, is he, do the older Judges have an influence over\nhim?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=704.64,707.49"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ben Connally:\nWell, of course that depends on the personalities\nconcerned.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=707.61,711.57"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When I was appointed, we only had two Judges in this\ndistrict, Judge T.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=714.33,719.22"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"M. Kennerly and Judge Allen B.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=719.22,721.09"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hannay. At the time I was appointed there were two\nvacancies.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=721.09,725.34"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The work of the district had become of such size that\na statute was passed, creating two additional vacancies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=726.03,733.68"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in this district. Judge James V.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=733.68,736.84"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Allred and I were appointed on the same day in 1949.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=736.84,740.19"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He took up residence in Corpus Christi and handled the\nthree, what we call, South Texas divisions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=742.32,750.21"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Handled all the work in Corpus Christi, in Brownsville,\nand Laredo.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=750.21,753.87"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The other three Judges, Judge Kennerly, and Judge\nHannay, and I resided in Houston and handled the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=754.92,761.16"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Houston docket, which of course, is always been very\nheavy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=761.16,763.68"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Plus Galveston, plus Victoria, which is relatively\nlight.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=764.52,769.17"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But I don't know that I could say whether the\nphilosophy of the older Judges","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=770.28,779.97"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"influences a young, new appointee.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=779.97,783.57"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Of course, we try and be of all assistance we can\nmechanically, that sort of thing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=784.5,792.12"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In my case, having retired as of the first of the\nyear, or more accurately on the 28th of December of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=793.26,800.07"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"last year, because that happened to be my birthday.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=800.07,802.71"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The President has sent in the name of a young man who\nresides in Laredo, Texas.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=805.83,811.26"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He's practiced before me for many years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=812.01,813.82"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I know him quite well, and of course, I expect to give\nhim all the help that I can.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=813.84,818.58"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As far as trying to tell him how to decide his cases\nor things of that sort, obviously that is not included.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=820.86,828.39"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There are many areas in which, of course, we can be of\nhelp.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=831.63,835.38"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The mechanics, what his staff can consist of, what\nbooks to buy, the space that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=835.38,844.95"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the government furnishes him for in office, and how he\ngoes about getting his stationery and supplies and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=845.31,852.6"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"things of that sort. Sure, we try and give him all the\nhelp we can.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=852.6,856.65"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Louis Marchiafava:\nWhat is your function now as a Senior Judge?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=858.72,861.48"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Does this carry a authority in your dealings?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=862.05,866.52"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ben Connally:\nI am still a Judge of this court and have all of the\nauthority that goes with it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=866.6,873.24"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm no longer the Chief Judge, and I'm not an active\nJudge.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=873.99,879.51"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm what we call of senior status.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=880.68,882.72"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You were relieved in senior status of whatever moral\nobligation or legal, I suppose, of whatever","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=884.25,893.37"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"obligation you had to carry your own load.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=893.37,898.95"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I can work as much or as little as I elect.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=900.03,903.99"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That comes about, of course, because the court is\ngetting a replacement for me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=904.47,909.27"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The new man will be in the harness and supposed to\ncarry his, pull his weight.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=910.05,915.6"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And what work they get out of me will be, uh, gratis,\nso much, so much the better.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=916.44,923.79"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Actually, I hope to work about seventy-five or eighty\npercent of the time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=924.81,929.34"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I hope to be relieved of the obligation to handle a\nparticular docket and to be of assistance to the other","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=930.66,940.23"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Judges of the district when they happen to be snowed\nunder at a particular time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=940.23,945.06"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One or two of our Judges, through a chain of\ncircumstances, are more inundated with work than some","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=945.48,952.56"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the others. I expect first to help them out, take\nfifty or a hundred cases off their docket and set them","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=952.56,959.4"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"down and dispose of them myself, things of that sort.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=959.4,962.37"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Also, incidentally, you're have a greater freedom to\nsit outside of the district.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=963.12,968.45"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You can sit in other districts or in other circuits if\nyou wish and help out where needed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=968.46,975.18"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Louis Marchiafava:\nWhat is the role of the Chief Judge?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=977.98,980.11"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ben Connally:\nWell, I've just finished about, uh, twelve or thirteen\nyears as Chief Judge of this","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=981.34,990.68"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"district. The statutes, of course, set out in a\ngeneral way what the Chief Judge's","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=990.68,1000.49"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"duties are.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1000.49,1002.26"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You are the administrative head of the district.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1004.24,1009.07"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It has been my experience, and I believe that most of\nthose who have served as Chief Judge of a metropolitan","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1011.62,1018.1"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"district with seven or eight or more Judges, I believe\nthey will have had the same experience that I have.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1018.1,1026.89"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is that you have such demands on your time or\nadministrative matters, or procedural matters, or m","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1028.42,1038.38"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"atters that are not directly connected with your duties\nas a Judge.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1040.18,1045.22"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is, I mean by that the trial of cases.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1045.25,1049.36"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That after a while, it becomes very, very tiresome and\nannoying, and your ability to sit and to try cases","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1049.36,1057.7"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is diminished simply because of the demands on your\ntime.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1059.11,1062.41"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For example, when additional space is needed, when\nadditional personnel for any of our","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1064.63,1073.03"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"offices, the Probation Service, the clerk's office,\nnew magistrates, new bankruptcy Judges,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1073.84,1083.32"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all of those are under our supervision and control.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1084.01,1088.12"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When our work becomes heavier, you need more deputy\nclerks.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1091.15,1094.66"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When you have more criminals whom have been convicted\nand you've given them probation, you need more","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1095.59,1100.72"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"probation officers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1100.72,1101.98"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There are certain procedures, of course, that we've\ngot to go through before they can be allotted to us.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1102.85,1108.85"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The government's got to, the Congress has got to\nappropriate the money.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1108.88,1112.12"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The positions have to be authorized.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1112.39,1114.58"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The space has to be found in a building like this, for\nexample, that means somebody else has got to be moved","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1115.33,1121.3"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"out. And all of those matters fall to the lot of the\nChief Judge simply because he's the administrative head","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1121.3,1130.9"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the court. And in an active court sitting as we do\nin six different","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1130.9,1140.14"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cities, with Judges living and sitting elsewhere,\nnamely Corpus Christi and Brownsville as of now, and m","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1140.14,1149.98"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"y successor will live in Laredo, it can be a very time\nconsuming sort of thing and detracts from your ability","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1150.67,1160.51"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to carry your own weight as a Judge.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1160.51,1163.27"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Most Chief Judges, particularly of the larger\ndistricts, have been obliged to reduce their own","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1163.87,1169.03"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"caseload by, very substantially.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1169.03,1174.95"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm told that in some of the quite large districts in\nNew York City, the Chief Judge rarely has time to do a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1176.27,1184.88"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"relatively small amount of trial work.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1184.88,1188.21"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Louis Marchiafava:\nAre there are opportunities for administrative\ninnovation in a position of Chief Judge?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1189.38,1194.03"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ben Connally:\nYes, of course, we all have certain local practices, I\nsuppose","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1194.74,1203.33"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":". How the cases are divided among the Judges, that is\none of the duties of the Chief Judge and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1205.25,1214.97"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"other things of that sort.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1215.99,1217.67"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We have what is known as the Conference of\nMetropolitan Chief Judges, that is the Chief Judge of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1219.41,1226.67"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all of the districts, which have five or more, or\nperhaps it's six or more, I believe it's six or more","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1226.67,1233.0"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Judges. That group meets about twice a year and of\ncourse, talk over our several problems and try to get","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1233.0,1241.58"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ideas from each other and see if they have any\npractices or procedures that are more efficient and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1241.58,1249.08"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"more time saving and so forth an hour.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1249.08,1251.24"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The problem with the Chief Judgeship, actually, and I\nthink it really calls for some statutory changes, i","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1253.28,1263.03"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"s simply this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1264.38,1265.52"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Chief Judge is charged with the responsibility of\nrunning the court, but under the statutes,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1266.15,1275.99"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he really has no power to do so.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1275.99,1279.92"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now I'm not suggesting that it would be advisable to\nhave a Chief Judge who was a dictator or, and never","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1280.25,1285.77"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"consulted with the other Judges of the district.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1285.89,1288.65"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But on the other hand, it is a waste of time every\ntime a matter","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1289.07,1298.34"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"arises relatively insignificant to assemble the Judges\nand discuss it in that sort of thing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1298.34,1307.4"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In practice, it usually depends on the relation between\nthe Chief Judge and the others of his district.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1307.43,1315.53"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If the relations are good, if they have confidence in\nhim, he does a lot of the work, sort of by a tacit","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1316.55,1322.49"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"agreement of all concerned without discussing it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1322.49,1325.69"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"On matters of importance, of course, we do discuss it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1325.69,1330.35"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In our situation here in Houston, I initiated many\nyears ago a practice of having the six of us who live","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1330.35,1337.22"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"here take lunch together once a week, on every\nThursday we all go to lunch.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1337.22,1341.39"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For perhaps thirty minutes we discuss our problems and\nI would tell the other Judges I'd maintain a little","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1341.39,1348.8"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"agenda and whatever developments they'd been during\nthe week.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1348.95,1352.58"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Much less frequently we had the Judges from Corpus and\nBrownsville to come in and visit with us every two or","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1355.7,1362.54"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"three months or something like that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1362.54,1363.97"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We had a conference of all the Judges of the district.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1363.98,1366.65"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But actually the Judge is charged with the\nresponsibility, he is held accountable to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1367.55,1374.63"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"others for the operation of the court.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1377.53,1380.02"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you get behind in your work, if a some poor fella\ncharged with a crime stays in jail too long and all,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1380.02,1389.56"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's the Chief Judge, who must explain and account for\nthat.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1389.59,1392.56"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"While he actually may have had nothing to do with it,\nthe case of the problem may lie entirely with someone","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1393.25,1399.22"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"else. That's why I say you've got a lot of\nresponsibility, but very little independent power.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1399.22,1407.05"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Most of the statutes would say the Chief Judge will do\nthis or will do that, say with the concurrence of the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1408.82,1415.12"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"court or something of that sorts, you see.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1415.12,1417.01"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Louis Marchiafava:\nWell, perhaps we can move away from the problems of the\nadministrative area and get back to the Judgeship in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1419.51,1426.14"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the narrowest sense of the term.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1426.14,1427.4"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'd like to talk with you for a few moments about the\nnature of federalism and how you have seen it change,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1428.51,1436.34"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if it has, since your appointment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1436.34,1438.47"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Have you seen any changes in the expansion of federal\npower as seen through the courts?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1439.61,1444.26"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ben Connally:\nOh, goodness, yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1444.65,1447.41"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In twenty five years, of course that has been an\nincreasing concept.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1447.41,1452.66"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You're, I'm sure, a better historian then I am, but\nyou remember when the Constitution was adopted, what,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1453.43,1459.59"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nearly 200 years ago.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1459.59,1461.18"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The major objection was that too much power was being\ngiven to this new federal government that nobody knew","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1462.53,1469.04"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"anything about, and that the states wanted to retain\nthe great part of the power","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1469.04,1478.92"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to run their own affairs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1478.92,1480.81"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Constitution provided that all powers not\nexpressly given to the federal government are retained","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1481.56,1486.63"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by the states.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1486.63,1488.99"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Almost ever since the document was adopted we have seen\nthat particular provision eroded away and as we become","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1488.99,1498.39"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a more populous and more industrialized society, as we\nhave seen our cities grow and people live in closer","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1498.39,1507.54"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"proximity to each other, we have seen these changes to\nwhere really the states, in my","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1508.68,1518.61"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"judgment, have very little power anymore, and the\nfederal government has practically taken over all of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1518.61,1526.17"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"those areas which, a 100 years ago, the states\nexercised.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1526.17,1532.53"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Is that enough on that to...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1537.26,1538.55"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Louis Marchiafava:\nWell, I'm just going to follow it through and ask you\nabout the impact of the influence of the Warren Court","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1539.56,1545.48"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in its decisions?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1545.48,1546.62"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Has it significantly broadened the scope of federal\nprotection, for example, of individuals?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1547.88,1557.51"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ben Connally:\nOh, I could talk to you from now until this time next\nWednesday about, on that subject.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1557.84,1565.43"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We speak of the Warren Court, uh, it's generally\nconsidered to have been very liberal in the sense that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1566.66,1574.73"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they made many, many drastic changes in our,\nparticularly in the administration of criminal justice.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1575.75,1583.97"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Actually, in my judgment, that simply was the\nculmination of a trend which perhaps had started years","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1585.81,1595.05"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"before. Mr.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1595.05,1597.36"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Chief Justice Warren was a most personable, pleasant\nindividual.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1597.36,1605.25"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He was the sort of person that you couldn't help but\nlike personally, whether you agreed with his philosophy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1607.77,1614.1"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and his decisions or not.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1614.1,1615.93"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And, my own judgment, when he became Chief Justice,\nuh, that fact,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1616.68,1626.49"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"his personality, perhaps was persuasive in many of the\nmatters that came before the court.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1626.49,1634.92"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Of course, he had just one vote when you get right\ndown to brass tacks.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1637.05,1641.88"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But the court was pretty evenly divided at that time,\nand you'd get some decisions that were pretty liberal","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1642.48,1651.69"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and some that were considerably less liberal, prior to\nhis appointment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1651.69,1656.89"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"After that we saw, what I would call, nothing but a\nseries of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1656.89,1666.18"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"opinions designed, I think, to protect what we\nconsider as individual","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1666.54,1676.2"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"rights, the right of an individual as distinguished\nfrom the rights of society.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1676.2,1684.63"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Looking at the administration of criminal justice, of\ncourse, as is true in every other","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1685.59,1694.17"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"question that's presented in our court, you have a\nbalancing of interest.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1696.18,1704.5"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dean Roscoe Pound, of the Harvard Law School, who was\nthe greatest Professor it was ever my privilege to know","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1704.5,1714.41"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or under whom I had an opportunity to study, defined\nlaw in the final analysis as a balancing of interest.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1714.44,1724.41"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Many people don't quite see that in connection with a\ncriminal case.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1726.15,1730.71"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Here's some fellow that's charged with a serious crime,\nand it is very easy to say that all of his","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1730.71,1737.13"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"constitutional rights must be protected.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1737.13,1739.59"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I think it's safe to say that no, Judge at least,\nand probably no lawyer, would ever deny the truth of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1740.07,1748.71"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that statement. He is entitled to have his\nconstitutional rights protected.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1748.71,1753.39"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The other side of the coin, the balancing of interest,\nis the general public.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1755.6,1761.48"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Their constitutional right to be protected against a\nviolent person, a criminal who may have","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1762.77,1772.64"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"committed murder, robbery, hijacking and things of\nthat sort.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1772.64,1776.99"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It isn't a one way street.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1777.59,1779.24"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And when you say that this man's rights have been\ninfringed and we must turn him loose and not convict","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1779.42,1787.34"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"him of this crime, then you, to the very same degree\nthat you enlarge on what we have thought his rights","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1787.34,1796.16"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"consisted of, when you enlarge his individual rights\nto the same degree, you decrease the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1796.16,1805.49"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"constitutional right of every other person in society\nto be protected.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1805.49,1810.35"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's the obligation of the government to protect us\nfrom predatory type individuals.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1810.74,1817.79"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in the final analysis, as I see it, what the\nWarren Court did, and perhaps it's not fair to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1818.6,1823.88"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"attribute it all to the Warren Court, but that's\nnormally done, we use that term in that way, was to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1824.27,1832.88"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"drastically increase the so-called constitutional\nrights of the individuals","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1832.88,1842.39"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"charged in criminal cases.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1842.39,1844.82"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The court during that period reversed any number of\ncases.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1845.9,1850.19"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Some of recent, relatively recent origin, which the\nsame court had decided within eight or ten or fifteen","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1851.3,1859.43"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or twenty years, establishing what the law was.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1859.43,1864.14"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And perhaps that might have been the law since the\nfounding of the Republic, but they would simply rewrite","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1864.59,1874.43"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it. And because the majority of the court simply had\nthe votes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1874.43,1883.73"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that became the law from there on out.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1884.6,1887.9"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You've heard a great deal about the Miranda decision, I\nmight mention that to you, everybody that's charged","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1889.91,1895.49"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with a crime when he's arrested now is or should be\ngiven his what we call his Miranda warning.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1895.49,1902.78"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He is told \"You're under arrest.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1907.04,1910.49"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's my duty to advise you that you do not have to\nmake any statement.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1910.52,1914.18"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Any statement that you do make can be used against\nyou.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1914.18,1917.3"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You're entitled to have a lawyer present at the\nquestioning if you want to answer any questions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1917.54,1921.89"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you can't afford a lawyer, the Judge or the\nmagistrate will appoint a lawyer to represent you\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1921.89,1929.57"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":". And what the Miranda, well, I'll start over this way.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1933.59,1939.53"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It has been the law for time immemorial, that a\nstatement which a defendant makes, a confession which","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1939.92,1949.28"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he gives, was not admissible if it was involuntarily\ngiven.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1949.28,1954.14"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, thirty or forty or fifty years ago, it was not\nunusual when a person was arrested for a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1955.76,1965.73"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"serious crime, and let us use as an illustration some\nrural community up in central","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1965.73,1975.51"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Texas, for example, the sheriff has strong reason to\nbelieve that this man is guilty, but he won't admit it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1975.51,1982.98"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Those of us that have lived here are aware of the fact\nthat it was not unusual for the Sheriff to take him out","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1985.35,1992.61"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the back end of the jail and work him over with a\npiece of rubber hose or something like that, and the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=1992.61,2000.02"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"guy would ultimately sign a confession.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2000.02,2002.15"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"No one so far as I know, has ever considered that a\nconfession exacted from a person under those","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2003.53,2011.03"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"circumstances should be used against him.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2011.03,2013.37"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So voluntariness of a statement is acceptable,\neverybody, I think, would concede that a statement must","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2016.01,2024.37"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"be voluntary.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2024.37,2025.84"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But what the Warren Court did in Miranda is to, in my\njudgment, forget","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2027.37,2037.33"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about the question as to whether in truth and in fact\na statement was voluntary and to set out","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2037.33,2047.02"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"four or five of these specific warnings that must be\nadministered to the defendant.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2047.02,2053.47"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And now, in practice, law enforcement officers carry a\nlittle card around with him on which this is printed,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2056.39,2065.39"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so they don't leave out anything.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2065.39,2067.13"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And if they didn't have the little card, if they warn\nthe defendant that he doesn't have to make a statement,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2068.48,2073.91"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and any statement can be used against him, and that he\nmay have a lawyer present at the interrogation if he","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2073.91,2079.19"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wants, but they forget to tell him that if you're an\nindigent and can't afford to have a lawyer, the court","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2079.19,2085.01"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"will appoint one for you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2085.01,2086.18"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They fail to touch one of the bases, so to speak,\nanything the man says thereafter cannot be used.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2086.42,2094.91"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I take a situation, again we'll assume a rural\ncounty in central Texas.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2096.08,2103.97"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A serious crime is committed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2105.23,2107.3"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A defendant is arrested.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2107.93,2109.67"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The sheriff gives him his warning, but he fails to\ntouch one of the bases.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2110.15,2115.25"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He doesn't lay a hand on the man.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2116.36,2118.07"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He doesn't beat him up or get him off in a corner and\nsweat him or anything of that sort.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2118.37,2123.35"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But the guy makes a confession.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2124.31,2126.2"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He tells the sheriff where he, where the body is\nburied.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2127.04,2131.75"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He tells him where he threw the pistol, with which he\ncommitted the crime.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2132.68,2136.4"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The sheriff goes out there and finds the body, and he\nfinds the pistol and proves to a moral certainty that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2136.82,2144.26"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this is the guilty man.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2144.26,2145.49"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But nevertheless, that can't be used because that\nstemmed from the statement that the man made.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2146.66,2153.53"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And while in truth and in fact it may have been\nentirely voluntary, nobody exerted any pressure,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2154.04,2160.46"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"physical or psychological or anything upon this\ndefendant.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2160.46,2162.74"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nevertheless, because you didn't go through the\nmechanical procedure of giving him all of his points.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2164.12,2169.07"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because some sheriff who perhaps hadn't read the\nlatest Supreme Court decisions wasn't fully alert to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2170.08,2176.71"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that. A murderer may go free.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2176.71,2178.96"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is an example of where I say that in their zeal\nto protect the constitutional rights of a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2181.36,2191.17"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"criminal defendant, many lawyers and many Judges think\nthey went much too far and infringed on the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2191.17,2200.74"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"constitutional right of the rest of us to be protected\nagainst a defendant of that sort.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2200.74,2207.13"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Louis Marchiafava:\nAnyone listening to this tape would, I'm sure, be\ndisappointed with me if I didn't ask you the the next","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2208.57,2214.57"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"question. It's related to that, which deals with the\ndeath penalty.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2214.57,2217.78"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How do you feel about that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2218.59,2219.73"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Do you think the court again perhaps went too far for\nthe protection of individuals?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2219.73,2224.74"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ben Connally:\nWell, I haven't read that opinion right recently.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2225.79,2230.26"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If I'd known you were going to question me about that,\nI would have refreshed my recollection.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2230.29,2237.76"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My criticism of the court, if I use that word, and\nperhaps I, perhaps that's an unfortunate choice of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2241.57,2249.16"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"terms, because it is not for me, as a Judge of an\ninferior court, to be critical.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2249.16,2255.79"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We accept these opinions, whether we agree with them\nor not.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2255.79,2258.64"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/350","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We undertake to follow them to the letter.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2258.67,2261.4"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/351","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But in so far as our personal views, I take it that I\nstill have the right to entertain them and do.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2261.91,2270.13"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/352","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The basis of that opinion, as I remember it, was that\nthe death penalty, as","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2272.41,2282.16"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/353","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"utilized in the courts, was so unequal and so\nuncertain that it, in its","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2282.16,2291.31"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/354","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"application rather than in the statutory provision\nitself, that it was unconstitutional.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2291.31,2300.68"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/355","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They would, for example, one person who committed a\nserious murder might be given life imprisonment, a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2301.64,2311.24"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/356","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nother who committed a, or any murder of course is\nserious, but another person where there were perhaps","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2312.56,2321.89"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/357","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some extenuating influences nevertheless might receive\nthe death penalty.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2321.89,2327.8"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/358","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My reaction to an opinion of that sort is that that\nisn't an indictment of the death penalty, as","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2329.68,2339.46"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/359","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"such, that's actually an indictment of our jury\nsystem.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2339.46,2342.28"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/360","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You know, and I know and everybody else who reads the\npapers or knows what goes on in a court, knows that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2343.9,2351.76"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/361","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"juries are not consistent.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2351.76,2354.04"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/362","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We have seen cases where a person, with what we now\nconsider to be a relatively insignificant offense, he","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2354.79,2363.43"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/363","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"might have two or three marijuana cigarettes in his\npocket, might be sentenced to fifteen or twenty years","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2363.43,2369.55"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/364","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the penitentiary by the jury.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2369.55,2371.47"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/365","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Other jurors who don't consider it very important\nwould give the guy probation and he'd never serve a day","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2372.61,2379.78"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/366","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in jail. That simply means that the jurors are human\nbeings.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2379.78,2387.04"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/367","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They are not consistent in the view they take as to the\nseriousness of a crime.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2388.81,2394.09"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/368","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But that don't mean that the death penalty, as such,\nwas unconstitutional.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2395.71,2404.05"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/369","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Many lawyers and others who disagree with that opinion\npoint to the great increase in the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2405.31,2415.12"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/370","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"murder rate. Of course, I don't know whether that is\nproperly attributable to the fact that the death","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2415.12,2424.51"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/371","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"penalty was abolished by that opinion or not.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2424.51,2427.0"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/372","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It is argued, if a man goes in to stick up a all night\ngrocery store or a filling","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2427.48,2437.44"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/373","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"station, there's no one there except the robber and\nthe operator of the store.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2437.44,2443.35"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/374","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He's inclined to kill the operator and destroy the\nonly witness to his identity because he's not risking","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2445.21,2454.69"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/375","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"anything more than a term in the penitentiary, which\nhe risks anyway.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2454.69,2459.19"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/376","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And he doesn't face the possibility of execution if he\nis apprehended, so he decreases his chance of being","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2459.82,2468.97"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/377","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"caught and convicted.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2468.97,2470.14"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/378","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we've seen a great many of those here in our city.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2471.43,2474.04"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/379","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I would read of something like that almost every day,\nwhether that's, whether the criminals, the robbers, the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2474.04,2482.08"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/380","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"murderers are sufficiently sophisticated to know what\nthe Supreme Court is done.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2482.08,2488.22"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/381","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't know, but it does seem to me that we have a\ngreat deal more cases of that kind.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2488.23,2493.9"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/382","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Perhaps we would have had them anyway.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2494.98,2496.51"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/383","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Speculation. I can't answer any any more, definitely.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2496.99,2500.65"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/384","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Louis Marchiafava:\nWell, that's certainly adequate enough.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2501.49,2503.2"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/385","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'd like to go on to an area involving the decision\nmaking process, the perhaps a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2506.55,2516.15"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/386","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"better way to put would be the mental process of a\nJudge in reaching a decision, referring perhaps to your","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2516.57,2523.74"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/387","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"own experience with Ross versus Houston, which was a\nsignificant decision and which I'm sure at the time you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2523.74,2530.76"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/388","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are aware that it would have an impact on a community.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2530.76,2533.52"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/389","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ben Connally:\nOh, well, of course.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2534.24,2535.8"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/390","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Houston school desegregation case was unusual type\nlitigation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2539.07,2547.8"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/391","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One city, thank God, can't have more than one case of\nthat kind, certainly at a time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2551.01,2557.13"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/392","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that's, uh, sort of a unique situation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2557.94,2562.56"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/393","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Are you asking me particularly about that case?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2563.88,2566.74"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/394","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Louis Marchiafava:\nYes, uh, not the specifics, of course, but was there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2566.76,2571.95"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/395","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":".. Well, for example, the newspaper, whether it was a\nsensational comment or not, a remark that you paced the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2573.06,2579.33"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/396","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"floor at night trying to make a decision in this case,\nrealizing it was important and you were taking various","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2579.33,2585.15"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/397","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"things into consideration.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2585.15,2586.5"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/398","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that's what I like to ask you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2586.95,2588.57"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/399","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ben Connally:\nWell...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2589.12,2590.58"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/400","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Louis Marchiafava:\nWhat considerations were involved and, and, uh...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2590.58,2592.35"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/401","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ben Connally:\nI'm not a floor pacer, and if that was in the\nnewspaper, it was the result of the imagination of some","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2593.91,2601.26"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/402","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"creative or inventive reporter or our columnist.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2602.28,2608.22"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/403","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Of course, you must project yourself back, gee, almost\ntwenty years ago now.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2609.39,2618.09"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/404","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When did the thing...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2618.09,2620.95"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/405","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"About '56, as I recall.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2620.95,2622.89"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/406","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Would that be right?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2623.25,2624.21"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/407","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Louis Marchiafava:\nApproximately, yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2624.63,2625.71"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/408","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ben Connally:\nSome seventeen or eighteen years ago, and the\nintegration of the schools had very","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2626.25,2635.76"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/409","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"definitely not been accepted by popular opinion.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2635.76,2640.98"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/410","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We'd had Little Rock, where the National Guard was\ncalled out and troops with bayonets were maintaining","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2642.99,2651.36"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/411","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"order. We'd had the situation in, uh, was it\nMississippi?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2651.36,2657.17"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/412","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Where the Governor stood in front of the University and\nsays no Black shall ever pass through these doors as a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2659.97,2667.08"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/413","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"student, or something of that sort.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2667.08,2668.79"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/414","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Wasn't it Wallace?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2670.92,2672.18"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/415","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Louis Marchiafava:\nI think it was...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2672.51,2672.96"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/416","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ben Connally:\nIt was Wallace, of course it wasn't Mississippi.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2673.11,2675.24"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/417","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But at any event we had instances like that throughout\nthe country.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2675.57,2681.12"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/418","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You want me to get closer to this thing, it's alright\n.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2684.93,2686.07"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/419","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In Houston, of course, was and I suppose still is the\nlargest school district in the south","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2686.24,2696.23"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/420","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we had, lots of problems, we had lots of feeling.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2696.24,2703.73"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/421","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I approached the matter, I suppose, in this light, The\nSupreme Court had laid down certain requirements, that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2709.61,2718.76"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/422","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was the law of the land and it was my responsibility\nto carry it into effect in Houston.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2718.76,2726.08"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/423","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I undertook to do so.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2726.92,2729.05"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/424","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was not blind to the fact, however, that this was a\nvery disruptive, uh, or","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2730.04,2740.0"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/425","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it was calculated to be a disruptive situation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2740.0,2743.21"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/426","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Of course, I'd seen what had happened in some other\nstates.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2743.24,2745.46"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/427","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was a very emotional issue.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2746.63,2749.1"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/428","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"People felt very, very strongly.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2749.12,2751.79"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/429","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You wouldn't know now where integration has been\naccepted, how are people felt.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2752.18,2761.3"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/430","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I got threatening letters, phone calls, things like\nthat, for months, or perhaps for several years, every","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2762.32,2770.75"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/431","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"time there'd be something new in the newspapers about\nit, I'd have to modify an order or something, it would","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2770.75,2775.13"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/432","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"start over again.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2775.13,2776.21"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/433","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I did, however, try to make the.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2778.88,2784.7"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/434","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Administration of this dose of medicine as palatable\nas possible under the circumstances, I tried to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2788.14,2798.07"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/435","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"give Houston a little time to reflect on it and to\nadapt to it, rather than ordering it into effect","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2798.07,2806.47"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/436","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"overnight. For a while, we tried what we call the\nFreedom of Choice Plan.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2806.77,2815.08"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/437","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Of course, that is sort of ancient history now, but it\nseemed to me at the time, and as a matter of fact, it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2815.77,2821.89"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/438","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"seems to me now, uh, an entirely fair and\nconstitutional solution.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2821.89,2830.17"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/439","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rather than saying, as we did that because you're a\nBlack child, you can't go","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2832.06,2841.93"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/440","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to this particular school, which had been the\nsituation before.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2841.93,2845.68"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/441","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And contrary to what we do now saying, because you're\na Black child, you've got to go to this school because","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2846.88,2854.74"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/442","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they don't have enough Blacks over there and your body\nhas got to be used to increase the ratio.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2854.74,2860.2"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/443","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We took what I thought was a very common sense method\nand gave the children, or the parents of the children,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2862.15,2870.49"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/444","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the right to go to whatever school they wanted to.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2870.91,2873.33"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/445","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If a Black child wanted to go to an all white school,\nor, he could do so.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2874.27,2881.7"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/446","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If he wanted to go to a school that offered a\nparticular course of training that appealed to him, he","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2881.7,2887.26"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/447","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"could do that, and the same for for the Whites.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2887.26,2893.56"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/448","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That, of course, lasted as a matter of fact I'm not\nsure we ever put that into effect.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2896.08,2903.91"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/449","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If we didn't, it was thoroughly discussed among the\nlawyers, and it's my recollection that for perhaps a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2905.26,2912.01"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/450","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"year or so, we did have that, uh, plan.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2912.01,2916.39"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/451","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But it's been a long time now.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2916.39,2917.83"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/452","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We've had lots of changes and I can't be certain.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2917.83,2924.01"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/453","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But in those early days, it was a very touchy s\nituation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2925.24,2930.88"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/454","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"People felt very strongly.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2934.0,2935.74"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/455","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Many of my personal friends and every time you'd see\nthem at a party, you know, they want to get you off in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2935.77,2940.24"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/456","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the corner and say, Why are you doing this to us?, you\nknow, You've been our friend and you're not a bad sort","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2940.24,2945.28"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/457","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of fellow otherwise, and why are you doing it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2945.28,2947.5"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/458","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Not recognizing that the law of the land required that\nit be done.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2948.94,2954.31"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/459","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And also not recognizing, as I've said, that I,\nthought one service I could make","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2955.15,2964.3"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/460","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was to make it, was to relieve the shock as best I\ncould, and I tried to do so.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2966.07,2974.32"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/461","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Louis Marchiafava:\nI appreciate you answering that question, because I\nthink many people might have the misconception that a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2977.63,2985.28"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/462","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Judge simply sits on the bench and hands down decrees\nwithout considering the the human aspects of it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2985.28,2992.84"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/463","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's why I wanted to go back on that case.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2993.11,2996.92"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/464","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ben Connally:\nWell, I was very sympathetic to both the White and the\nBlack children.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=2997.28,3002.47"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/465","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I must say in all candor that I feel like, in many\ninstances, they have been used as","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3003.31,3012.64"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/466","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pawns by some of the powers and forces that have been\nexerted in this thing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3012.64,3019.66"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/467","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Houston case started out by a Houston Black child,\nor I believe","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3021.01,3030.85"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/468","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"two, one or two it doesn't matter, who lived here,\nthey were represented by a Houston Black lawyer.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3030.85,3040.51"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/469","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I had respect for him.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3042.07,3043.84"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/470","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He made a scholarly presentation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3044.02,3046.93"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/471","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I might digress and say that by saying this, I do not\nmean to reflect on the other lawyers that have","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3047.83,3053.29"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/472","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"represented the plaintiff since.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3053.29,3054.79"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/473","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But the point I'm making is in those days, it was a\nlocal problem.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3055.42,3061.42"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/474","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was not very long before the plaintiff's case was\ntaken over by the National Association for the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3062.74,3070.6"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/475","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Advancement of Colored People out of New York.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3070.6,3073.0"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/476","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And while a Houston lawyer was of counsel, he seemed\nunable","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3073.99,3083.05"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/477","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or unwilling to discuss the case with the other\nlawyers and with me, to make any agreements, or to move","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3084.31,3092.8"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/478","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it along except when the, an attorney from the New\nYork office of the N.A.A.C.P.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3092.8,3100.48"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/479","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was here to hold his hand.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3100.48,3102.67"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/480","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in truth, and in fact, what has happened since is\nthat the plaintiff's case has been represented out of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3103.51,3111.19"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/481","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"New York by the N.A.A.C.P.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3112.09,3116.04"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/482","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"office there. I don't believe they are conversant or\nparticularly sympathetic to any local problems in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3116.04,3125.23"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/483","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Houston. It was their purpose, as I see it, to bring\nabout an integration of the schools, whether the Whites","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3125.23,3133.18"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/484","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wanted it, whether the Blacks wanted it, whether the\nBrowns wanted it, or anything else.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3133.18,3137.74"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/485","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that has not made the.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3138.4,3142.96"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/486","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":".. It has not made the situation any simpler or easier\nto to work with.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3143.74,3148.78"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/487","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Louis Marchiafava:\nI just have a couple of more questions left.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3152.57,3154.64"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/488","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't want to infringe on your time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3155.49,3157.53"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/489","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ben Connally:\nAll right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3158.22,3158.44"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/490","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Louis Marchiafava:\nOne of them is the role of the judicial activist in\nshaping changes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3159.51,3166.02"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/491","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Is there such a thing as a judicial activist?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3169.74,3172.08"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/492","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Have you seen this in operation during your years on\nthe bench?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3172.44,3175.23"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/493","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ben Connally:\nWell, of course, you can't close your eyes to the fact\nthat some Judges, appear at least, and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3176.79,3186.75"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/494","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of course that's all I have to go on is appearances,\nwhat they do and to draw my conclusions as to why they","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3186.75,3193.35"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/495","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"do it from what they do, seem to be reformers at\nheart.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3193.35,3201.03"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/496","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Some Judges seem to take the position that they can\nand should exercise the power that their p","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3202.95,3212.67"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/497","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"osition gives them to right what they conceive to be t\nhe social and economic wrongs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3213.84,3223.77"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/498","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of our present society.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3223.77,3226.05"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/499","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think that's what the term activist normally means\nor what it is used to mean.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3226.59,3233.63"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/500","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Is that you require?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3233.63,3235.2"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/501","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Oh certainly, anyone who reads the papers will\nrecognize that some Judges","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3235.89,3245.85"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/502","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"seem to feel like it is their God given right duty and\nobligation to correct everything which","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3245.85,3255.69"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/503","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they consider to be a social or an economic wrong.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3255.69,3261.03"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/504","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They seem to reach out for authority and to initiate n\new, new p","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3264.36,3273.9"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/505","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"rocesses and procedures from carrying it into effect.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3274.71,3278.59"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/506","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's certainly our, of questionable validity.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3278.61,3284.19"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/507","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I do not undertake to pass judgment on those persons,\nif they are those that meet that description.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3289.06,3297.97"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/508","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They hold their office and I hold mine and I don't\nprofess to tell them how they should do their judging","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3298.57,3307.09"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/509","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"any more than I want them to tell me how I should do\nmine.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3307.09,3309.58"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/510","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But unquestionably there are Judges on the bench who\nconsider their office a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3310.03,3319.65"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/511","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"s a means to, to, uh,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3320.34,3327.48"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/512","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"correct what they consider to be social problems in\nthe land, yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3330.58,3334.21"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/513","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't think anybody can deny that if you read the\nnewspaper.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3334.57,3336.58"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/514","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Louis Marchiafava:\nFollowing along with that point, and you've already\ntouched on this in other questions, I'd like to ask you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3340.98,3349.77"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/515","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this. One of a, a French observer in the 1840s noted\nthat, or at least concluded,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3349.77,3359.11"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/516","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the aristocracy in America was consisted of the\nfederal judiciary, and not long ago in an interview","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3359.41,3366.85"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/517","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with a State District Court Judge, he mentioned,\nperhaps with a little envy, that the most powerful","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3366.85,3373.84"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/518","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"position in the United States was the federal\njudiciary.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3373.84,3375.85"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/519","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How do you feel about that? Do you feel that\nautocratic or powerful?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3378.28,3382.06"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/520","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ben Connally:\nWell, uh, a statement like that, of course, has to be\ntaken in perspective.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3383.77,3392.5"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/521","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For the inferior courts, the District Court, the Court\nof Appeals, of course, that's not true.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3395.11,3402.82"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/522","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Everything that I do is subject to review first by the\nCourt of Appeals, and everything that they do as well","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3403.27,3411.76"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/523","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is everything I do is subject to review by the Supreme\nCourt.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3411.76,3415.39"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/524","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You were asking me about the Warren Court a while ago\nand you also were asking me about judicial activists","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3417.46,3426.7"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/525","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the last twenty-five years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3429.52,3432.28"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/526","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I will grant you there have been instances where, it\nseemed to me, the Supreme Court of the United States","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3432.28,3439.6"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/527","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was exercising its power to reach out and settle w\nhat, I at least, had considered","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3440.68,3450.67"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/528","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"social or economic problems that the relief of which\nshould be considered by the Congress.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3450.67,3456.49"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/529","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But as there is no appeal from the Supreme Court, and\nperhaps that body i","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3459.34,3469.24"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/530","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"s the most powerful in the land, if you were speaking\nto a state","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3469.99,3479.8"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/531","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Judge friend, I sus..., and he made that statement,\nand if he were referring to our court, that is at the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3479.8,3487.3"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/532","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"trial level, I would suspect that he had in mind the\ntype of situation or the type of jurisdiction, perhaps","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3487.3,3496.87"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/533","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I should say, that has been forced upon us by certain\nSupreme Court decisions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3496.87,3504.55"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/534","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For example, twenty-five years ago when I came on the\nbench we had few, if any, habeas","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3506.98,3516.46"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/535","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"corpus cases filed by state prisoners.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3516.46,3520.39"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/536","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Back in the early day, well, not so far in the early\ndays, I suppose forty years ago.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3522.88,3529.42"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/537","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, I'll begin over again.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3532.66,3533.8"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/538","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Habeas corpus, as you know, is a writ of the most\nancient backgrounds, the most respected","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3533.8,3542.62"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/539","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"utilized in England to control the powers of the\nKing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3543.25,3546.88"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/540","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It means literally you have the body, habeas corpus.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3548.59,3552.79"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/541","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it directs the Warden of a penitentiary or the\nCounty Sheriff who has a prisoner in jail.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3553.75,3560.77"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/542","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It says to him, You have the body, produce the body in\ncourt, so that the court may determine whether you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3561.43,3569.41"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/543","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"properly hold him in custody.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3569.68,3571.9"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/544","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When I was going to law school, and in the years that I\npracticed law, the Warden of the penitentiary","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3574.95,3584.82"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/545","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or the Sheriff in that situation would bring the body\nof the defendant, of the prisoner into court, and what","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3584.82,3594.39"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/546","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would be his justification for holding the man.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3594.39,3597.51"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/547","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He would present a valid final order of a court.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3598.05,3604.59"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/548","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sentencing this man to five years in the penitentiary.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3605.52,3608.88"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/549","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For example, the case had been tried in the state\ncourt if there had been an appeal it would have been","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3608.88,3617.97"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/550","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"affirmed by the state appellate court, and he would\noffer the writ, the authority, the judgment of the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3617.97,3627.03"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/551","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"state court by which the man was held there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3627.03,3629.34"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/552","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The only questions after that that could be raised\nwere these.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3631.44,3635.29"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/553","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Is this the man referred to in your judgment?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3635.31,3639.33"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/554","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Do you by chance, have the wrong man?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3640.29,3642.45"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/555","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that could be established, and second, Did the court\nwhich try him have jurisdiction of the case?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3642.57,3650.97"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/556","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If the man was charged with murder in a Harris County\ncourt, if the murder had been committed in Oklahoma, or","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3651.81,3660.18"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/557","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Louisiana, of course, the court would have had no\njurisdiction.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3660.18,3662.94"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/558","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So all that the Warden was required to establish was\nthat he had a final judgment of a court, that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3666.0,3675.84"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/559","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this is the man referred to, and that the court did\nhave jurisdiction.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3675.84,3680.94"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/560","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"No more, no less.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3681.84,3682.98"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/561","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And by reason of that fact, it was very seldom that any\nquestion was ever raised.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3683.79,3688.83"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/562","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If a man was sentenced to a term in the state\npenitentiary, he would have been served.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3688.83,3693.21"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/563","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But now, you wouldn't believe what we've got.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3695.31,3699.45"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/564","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Supreme Court has handed down a number of opinions\n, which","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3701.4,3710.87"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/565","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have set out these constitutional rights of the\naccused.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3711.29,3717.2"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/566","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They have held in some cases that their opinions are\nretroactive.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3721.74,3727.05"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/567","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"By that, I mean, if the Supreme Court hands down an\nopinion today which says, in so many words, We are","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3729.33,3738.18"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/568","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"reversing in our prior opinions, which held to the\ncontrary ten years ago, and twenty years ago, and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3738.18,3744.33"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/569","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"thirty years ago.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3744.33,3745.47"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/570","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Fine, they can do that if they, they have the power.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3746.7,3749.34"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/571","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But then they say, and this is retroactive.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3749.79,3754.05"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/572","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hence, every case in which reliance has been had on\nthese earlier decisions is placed in jeopardy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3754.95,3764.31"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/573","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The question about the right to counsel, no one has\never denied, at least in recent years, that an accused","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3767.46,3774.63"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/574","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was entitled to have a lawyer to represent him, and if\nhe couldn't hire one, he could have one appointed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3774.63,3780.39"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/575","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The courts have now announced a proposition, and this\nis fairly recent,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3783.99,3793.89"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/576","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that this council must be adequate.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3794.4,3797.25"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/577","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That, of course, is not startling.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3801.46,3804.64"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/578","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If he has a lawyer you expect him to be adequate.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3804.64,3807.7"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/579","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But to be realistic about it, here's what's happened.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3808.36,3810.67"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/580","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Here's what will happen. A prisoner in the state\npenitentiary, with a very long sentence, w","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3810.82,3819.82"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/581","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ill wait six, eight or ten years after he's been in\nconfinement, then he'll come to us and say, It's true I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3820.93,3829.51"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/582","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had a lawyer, but my lawyer was completely inadequate.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3829.51,3835.01"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/583","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He didn't give me the type of representation that I\nwas entitled to.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3835.03,3838.81"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/584","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, of course you might say, Well, oh boy, why\ndidn't you raise that at the time?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3839.85,3845.26"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/585","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Why do you wait eight or ten years?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3845.26,3847.39"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/586","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There is no statute of limitations on habeas corpus\nmatters, to raise it at any time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3848.11,3853.87"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/587","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Supreme Court has held that this right to counsel\nand the right to adequate counsel is constitutional in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3854.65,3864.61"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/588","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"dignity and retroactive.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3864.61,3868.24"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/589","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So we then in that case must do this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3869.26,3872.77"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/590","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We must try to ascertain whether in a trial in the\nstate court ten years ago, the guy got adequate r","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3873.46,3881.5"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/591","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"epresentation. Well, suppose his lawyer has died or\nleft the state, suppose the district Judge don't","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3881.5,3889.03"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/592","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"remember anything about it, if he happened still to be\non the bench, the District Attorney that prosecuted him","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3889.03,3895.73"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/593","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"gone. Perhaps there was no appeal in which event no\nrecord would have been written up.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3896.53,3904.03"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/594","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we are confronted with situations like that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3905.71,3909.07"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/595","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I, there are many other similar examples, I simply\npoint out that one to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3910.15,3919.92"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/596","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3919.93,3923.07"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/597","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This retroactivity is one type case to which I take\nexception.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3923.07,3929.74"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/598","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Others are this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3932.47,3933.61"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/599","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When I became a lawyer, long ago, it was, a man was\npresumed to know the law.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3935.72,3945.05"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/600","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You'll find that expression a thousand times in the\nbooks.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3945.41,3948.83"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/601","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A man cannot come into court, for example, and say, I\ndidn't know it was against the law to steal or I didn't","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3950.21,3956.39"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/602","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"know it was against the law to commit some other\noffense.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3956.39,3958.73"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/603","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He is required and presumed to know the law.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3960.8,3965.78"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/604","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But with these, with the expansion of these individual\nrights that the Supreme Court has","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3967.46,3975.8"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/605","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"enunciated within the last twenty years, they have\nput a little gimmick on that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3977.39,3987.02"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/606","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One of the opinions of the Warren Court was this, A man\ncannot be presumed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3988.04,3997.99"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/607","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to have waived one of these rights unless he knew\nabout it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=3997.99,4002.51"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/608","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So another type of case, suppose a prisoner comes\nbefore us complaining of his incarceration in the state","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=4006.15,4013.47"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/609","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"penitentiary. He says to us, Yes, I had a lawyer, and\nyes I was tried, and yes I was convicted,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=4013.47,4023.22"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/610","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I didn't know I had a right to appeal.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=4024.09,4027.21"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/611","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As I say, twenty-five years ago you would have laughed\nat a person that said that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=4031.96,4036.66"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/612","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In the first place, most everybody that ever goes to\ncourt knows of the right to appeal and if he doesn't,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=4036.66,4042.88"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/613","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he is presumed to.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=4042.88,4044.39"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/614","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's what his lawyer is for.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=4044.41,4046.27"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/615","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But he will testify, Well, my lawyer never told me\nanything about her right to appeal, and I didn't know","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=4047.2,4052.84"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/616","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it. So I sat there and let the time expire and I\ncouldn't take an appeal.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=4052.84,4061.48"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/617","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Supreme Court has said in cases like that, either the\nstate will give him an out of time appeal, ten years,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=4062.62,4070.21"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/618","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"five years later, or turn him loose.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=4070.21,4072.67"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/619","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So to get around that, we all must do other things now\n.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=4077.71,4084.25"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/620","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We must give a criminal defendant a sort of a first\nyear law course in criminal law, to be sure he knows","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=4084.92,4093.43"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/621","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all of these rights, before I permit a man to plead g\nuilty.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=4093.43,4098.17"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/622","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Though, he may have a Lawyer, he may be intelligent, he\nmay have had ample time for legal counsel.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=4098.67,4107.78"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/623","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Before I can accept his plea of guilty, I must almost\ntry and persuade him not to plead guilty.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=4107.78,4113.89"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/624","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I must say to him now, You sure, in fact, you are\nguilty of this crime?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=4114.61,4118.39"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/625","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Oh, yes, I'm guilty.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=4118.4,4119.44"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/626","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nobody has tried to talk you into it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=4120.4,4122.41"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/627","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nobody's tried to high pressure you?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=4122.41,4124.18"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/628","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nobody has twisted your arm, so to speak?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=4124.18,4127.45"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/629","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Oh no. Well, now before you plead guilty, I must tell\nyou you have a right to stand trial, as though you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=4127.51,4134.26"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/630","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"didn't know that, you're entitled to a jury.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=4134.26,4137.98"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/631","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And if the case goes to trial, the Government has got\nto prove that in truth, and in fact, you are the man","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=4138.82,4146.05"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/632","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who took a pistol and went into the bank and held it\nin the face of the Teller, and you took this money.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=4146.05,4151.84"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/633","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's bank robbery, that's what you're charged with.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=4151.84,4153.62"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/634","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They've got to prove all that beyond reason.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=4153.64,4155.27"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/635","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yeah, I understand. You understand that if you plead\nguilty, you're subject to sentence and I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=4155.29,4165.22"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/636","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"could give you up to twenty-five years, whatever the\nmaximum is for his particular offence.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=4165.22,4170.59"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/637","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Oh yes, I know all that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=4170.71,4172.03"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/638","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's what we now go through to be sure that the\nfellow cannot say five years from now, Well, I didn't","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=4173.68,4181.84"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/639","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"know I had that right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=4181.84,4183.07"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/640","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I didn't know I had a right to a trial by jury.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=4183.22,4185.59"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/641","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I didn't know you could give me as much as twenty-five\nyears for the offence.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=4185.68,4189.25"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/642","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Our administration of criminal justice has become\nmechanical.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=4190.99,4193.99"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/643","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, uh, and as I said before, it's usually a question\nof touching","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=4196.55,4206.49"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/644","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all the bases. To me, that is unfortunate.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=4206.49,4210.66"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/645","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think the Judge on the bench should be vested with\ndiscretion, to handle matters of that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=4211.23,4220.82"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/646","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sort. Obviously, if a person is, appears to be of\nquestionable mentality, be slow, or","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=4220.82,4230.51"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/647","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"dumb, or stupid, be certain that he knows what he's\ndoing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=4230.51,4234.08"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/648","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But you take a sophisticated con man he probably knows\nmore about the criminal law than I do when he comes in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=4235.64,4241.34"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/649","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=4241.34,4242.49"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/650","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it just sort of reduces the court's dignity to be\ngoing through all of that type of stuff needlessly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=4242.49,4250.43"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/651","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"every time you bring a person to the bar.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=4250.43,4254.24"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/652","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Louis Marchiafava:\nHas there been a sharp rise in the number of criminal\ncases which you have to preside on?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=4255.87,4260.4"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/653","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ben Connally:\nYes. Our criminal docket has increased, uh,every year,\nI","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=4260.46,4269.97"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/654","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"suppose, with some exception.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=4270.12,4272.14"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/655","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, the last, bear in mind that a heavy part of our\ncriminal calendar is along the Mexican border,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=4272.14,4279.51"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/656","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Brownsville and Laredo Division's.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=4279.51,4281.88"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/657","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Houston is a city of substantial size and we have the\nusual city type, or big","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=4281.88,4291.57"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/658","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"city type, crime.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=4291.57,4292.83"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/659","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We have bank robberies, we have bank embezzlers, we\nhave forgers, we have what we call Man Act, bringing a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=4293.91,4301.68"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/660","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"prostitute across a state line for immoral purposes,\nDyer Act, taking a stolen vehicle across a state line,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=4301.68,4311.13"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/661","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and all of that sort of stuff, just like Chicago, St.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=4311.13,4315.0"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/662","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Louis, other cities.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=4315.0,4316.77"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/663","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But on the Mexican border, we have a very, very heavy\nnarcotic traffic.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=4317.64,4324.79"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/664","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And, uh, our volume of work there depends usually on\none fact and one fact alone, h","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=4324.79,4334.23"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/665","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ow many narcotic agents does the Government put in\nthose cities?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=4335.19,4341.1"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/666","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If the Drug Enforcement Administration, which is now\nin charge of those investigations, primarily has twenty","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=4342.78,4350.64"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/667","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"men in Laredo, we'll get X number of cases if they put\nthirty men in Laredo, we may get twice as many cases.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=4350.64,4358.8"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/668","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but the crime is there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=4358.8,4363.06"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/669","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The narcotics are coming across the river in large\nquantities.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=4363.93,4368.61"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/670","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the enforcement agencies, all of them, of course,\nare handicapped by money problems, just like everybody","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=4371.1,4379.17"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/671","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"else that works with the government.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=4379.17,4380.43"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/672","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If they can place enough agents there, I might just\nsay we'd double our caseload.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=4381.87,4388.97"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/673","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Where they are restricted, as obviously they are, it's\nnot at high.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=4388.97,4395.07"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/674","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The past year, year and a half, we have not had as\nmany cases as we did prior to that time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=4395.79,4401.07"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/675","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We have, however, I think on the average perhaps have\nhad more serious cases, the more hard narcotics,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=4402.21,4410.58"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/676","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"more sizable dealers, things like that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=4411.9,4414.15"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/677","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But that, that's sort of guesswork on my part, I\ncan't, I can't really support that by figures.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=4414.15,4419.85"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/678","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Louis Marchiafava:\nDo criminal cases lead, uh, in, in the other types of\ncases in the increase that you've seen over the years?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=4420.27,4427.05"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/679","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ben Connally:\nI don't believe I understand what you're asking me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=4429.63,4431.34"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/680","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Louis Marchiafava:\nOf all the types of cases that you deal with, do the\ncriminal cases, have criminal cases increased","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=4431.55,4438.87"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/681","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"proportionately more than the other types?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=4439.86,4442.09"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/682","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ben Connally:\nOh, well, no.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=4442.11,4443.22"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/683","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't know that I could say that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=4443.22,4444.73"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/684","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Our civil docket in Houston has been increasing\npractically every year since I've been here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=4444.73,4450.99"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/685","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I can't certify that that's true without exception,\nbut Houston has been growing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=4451.13,4458.07"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/686","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's a business center, industry is here in tremendous\nnumber,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=4458.07,4465.66"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/687","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and our civil calendar in Houston, our civil calendar\nin Galveston, our civil calendar in Corpus Christi, has","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=4467.64,4477.48"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/688","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"grown, I think without exception, every year since\nI've been here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=4477.48,4480.72"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/689","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Louis Marchiafava:\nWell, I see that a lot of time has slipped by, it's\ngoing by very fast.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=4483.15,4488.55"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/690","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I want to thank you very much for the time you've\ntaken.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=4489.58,4492.57"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/691","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ben Connally:\nOkay. Have I answered all your questions?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=4493.02,4495.03"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/692","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Louis Marchiafava:\nYou certainly have.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=4495.03,4496.52"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/693","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ben Connally:\nOkay, I hope it's of some use to you and, uh, and\nanyone who has occasion to use your library may find it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=4496.52,4504.26"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/694","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of some little benefit.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=4504.27,4505.2"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/695","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Louis Marchiafava:\nI'm sure it will.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=4505.53,4506.25"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/696","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ben Connally:\nOkay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=4506.57,4507.33"},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/697","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Louis Marchiafava:\nThank you very much.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398#t=4507.33,4507.84"}]},{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://houstonlibrary.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2509/collection_resources/112797/file/215398/transcript/65029/annotation/698","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/065/029/original/OH0030BenCConnally.vtt?1708973738","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/065/029/original/OH0030BenCConnally.vtt?1708973738"}]}]}]}